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So, in order to load mygrldr instead of grldr, you can use one of theġ. In this case, you must use a grubinst that is compatible with the version of Grubinst can also edit existing grldr/grldr.mbr: Grubinst can generate customized grldr.mbr: You can do this with the help of grubinst, which can be downloaded at: So if you want to change the name, you must also change the embeded setting. Grldr and grldr.mbr use internal boot file name to decide which file to load, The actual sector number is written by grub-install. Stage 2 will then load the default configuration file and any other modules needed. The stage 1.5 image contains file system drivers, enabling it to directly load stage 2 from any known location in the filesystem, for example from bootgrub.
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In case this space is not available (unusual partition table, special disk drivers, GPT or LVM disk) the install of stage 1.5 will fail. Given the small size of a boot sector (512 bytes), stage 1 can do little more than load the next stage of GRUB by loading a few disk sectors from a fixed location near the start of the disk (within its first 1024 cylinders). The master boot record (MBR) usually contains GRUB stage 1, or can contain a standard MBR implementation which chainloads GRUB stage 1 from the active partitions boot sector. GRUB 2 was written from scratch and intended to replace its predecessor, and is now used by a majority of Linux distributions. This approach eliminates the need for hardcoded locations of hard disk sectors and existence of map files, and does not require MBR updates after the kernel images are added or moved around.Ĭonfiguration of a boot loader is stored in a regular file, which is also accessed in a file system-aware way to obtain boot configurations before the actual booting of any kernel images.Īs a downside, such boot loaders have increased internal complexity and even bigger footprints.
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This is not only cumbersome, but it also leaves the system in need of manual repairs in case something goes wrong during system updates. Such maps need to be updated each time a kernel image changes its physical location on disk, due to installing new kernel images, file system defragmentation etc.Īlso, in case of the maps changing their physical location, their locations need to be updated within the boot loaders MBR code, so the sectors indirection mechanism continues to work. Usually, an additional level of indirection is required, in form of maps or map files auxiliary files that contain a list of physical sectors occupied by kernel images. Thus, in BIOS-based systems, the duty of a boot loader is to access the content of those files, so it can be loaded into the RAM and executed.
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Together with the optional disk signature (four bytes) and disk timestamp (six bytes), this leaves between 434 and 446 bytes available for the machine code of a boot loader.Īlthough such a small space can be sufficient for very simple boot loaders, 7 it is not big enough to contain a boot loader supporting complex and multiple file systems, menu-driven selection of boot choices, etc.īoot loaders with bigger footprints are thus split into pieces, where the smallest piece fits into and resides within the MBR, while larger piece(s) are stored in other locations (for example, into empty sectors between the MBR and the first partition) and invoked by the boot loaders MBR code. The MBR is the first sector of the hard disk, with zero as its offset (sectors counting starts at zero).įor a long time, the size of a sector has been 512 bytes, but since 2009 there are hard disks available with a sector size of 4096 bytes, called Advanced Format disks.Īs of October 2013 update, such hard disks are still accessed in 512-byte sectors, by utilizing the 512e emulation.
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The GNU operating system uses GNU GRUB as its boot loader, as do most Linux distributions and the Solaris operating system on x86 systems, starting with the Solaris 10 106 release.
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